The horse was the hipparion, about the size of modern-day pony with three toes and specialized cheek teeth for grazing. It has been documented that, almost twelve million years ago at the beginning of the Pliocene age, a horse, about midway through its evolutionary development, crossed a land bridge where the Bering Straits are now located, from Alaska into the grasslands of Europe. Fossil finds provide us not only with detailed information about the horse itself, but also with valuable insights into migration of herds and even evidence for speculation about the climatic conditions that could have instigated such migratory behavior. It is, in fact, one of the most complete and well-documented chapters in paleontological history. The development of the horse has been recorded from the beginning through all its evolutionary stages to the modern form. (E) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Pop concerts are often accompanied by laser displays. In the arts, lasers can provide fantastic displays of light. They can be used in very precise eye operations. In medicine, laser beams can treat damaged tissue in a fraction of a second without harming healthy tissue. Lasers can also be used for information recording and reading. In addition, it can travel long distances without losing signal strength. Laser light can carry many more information channels than microwaves because of its high frequency. Lasers are ideal for communications in space. Laser beams can also be used to measure and align structures. They can be used for drilling diamonds, cutting complex shapes in materials from plastics to steel, for spot welding and for surfacing techniques, such as hardening aircraft engine turbine blades. These beams can heat, melt, or vaporize material in a very precise way. In engineering, powerful laser beam can be focused on a small area.
But apart from military uses, they have many applications in engineering, communications, medicine, and the art. Nowadays, they are used to identify targets. In the 1980s, the United States experimented with lasers as a defense against nuclear missiles. When lasers were invented in 1960, some people thought they could be used as ‘death rays’. They can be solid state, gas, semiconductor, or liquid. Lasers (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) are devices which amplify light and produce beams of light which are very instance, directional, and pure in color.
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